What If Athens Had Lost the Battle of Marathon to Persia?
If Athens had lost the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, the immediate consequence would probably have been political crisis at home rather than the conquest of all Greece. The…
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What If the Greeks Had Won at Thermopylae? Alternate History
The Battle of Thermopylae is remembered as a heroic Greek defeat, but its importance went far beyond the death of Leonidas and the Spartans. Once the pass fell in 480…
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What If Sparta Had Destroyed Athens After the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta won the Peloponnesian War in 404 BCE, but it stopped short of destroying the enemy it had spent nearly three decades fighting. Athens lost its walls, most of its…
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What If Alexander the Great Had Lived 20 Years Longer?
What if Alexander the Great had lived another twenty years? His most likely next move would have been the planned campaign in Arabia, followed by the more difficult task of…
